The Evolution of Juyong Pass of the Great Wall China

Juyong Pass ( Pass of Conscripted Laborers ) is one of the most famous passes of the Great Wall. In ancient poems, the pass was described as the most precipitous one that even birds could not fly across. According to the stone tablets carved in Ming Dynasty, the Juyong Pass was ranked as the No.1 pass of the country.

60 kilometers to the northwest of Beijing city, Juyong Pass locates in Changping county. As a natural barrier, it serves as the strategic gateway connecting Beijing city and the north of the Great Wall. The pass lies in the central part of the Pass Valley. 5 kilometers from the Badaling Section to the south, it can be accessed along the Pass Valley.

The title of Juyong firstly appeared during Spring & Autumn edited by Lu Buwei, the Juyong Pass was just one of 9 passes in china at that time. Other scholars say it derives from the facts that Emperor Qin Shihuang exiled yongtu to inhabit here. Yongtu refers to the conscripted latorers of Qin Dynasty. Passes were started to be built in Han Dynasty but only between the Juyong and Jundu Counties not on the Great Wall. According to the experts, the government of the Northern Wei Dynasty began to erect wall on Juyong Pass. A 900-mile-long wall was completed from Xiakou of Beijing to Hengzhou of Shanxi in 555, the 6th year of Tianhe Reign of Northern Qi. Later, the construction was continued and went eastward to Shanhai Pass. From then on, the Juyong Pass was asociated with the Great Wall and became one of the most important passes.

The name of Juyong Pass had been frequently changed. It was called West Pass in 3 Kingdoms Period, Jundu Pass in Wei Dynasty, Nakuan Pass in Northern Qi Dynasty, and Jimen, Jundu, and Juyong Pass in Tang Dynasty. In Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was fixed with its name of Juyong Pass.

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