Juyong Pass of the Great Wall-Natural Barrier of the Juyong Pass

Among precipitous mountains, Juyong Pass lies in the central part of the Pass Valley. those mountains belong to the Taihang Ranges, and are the northernmost one of the 8 ranges. With the steep terrain, it was critically hard for the access of the army. gao Shi, the famous poet in Tang Dynasty, had described the Juyong Pass in his poems. Its geographic feature determines its strategic importance of military defense. Ancient people commented it as the colossal defensive project, which dominated the trasportation to north and south. In YHuan Dynasty, it served as a key gateway between Dadu and Shangdu. Because Emperors always went through the Pass and needed to take rest here, the living complex of palaces, temples and gardens were also constructed to the south of the Great Wall. the reason why it was raNKED AS THE No.1 pass of china in Ming Dynasty could be attributed to its strategic significance. Ming Emperor Zhu di described the pass as the strategic passage with steep terrain and believed the garrison of 100 troops could resist 100,000 invading enemies. Other passes were set to guarantee the safety of the Juyong Pass, which clearly evidenced the close concern of the feudal gobernment. Playing the vital role of the military defense, the Juyong pass witnessed numerous wars through ages. The Wall served well. Only when a dynasty had weakened from within were invaders from the north able to advance and conuer. The Pass was ever captured in History, not because the weakness in the wall but because of weakness in the feudal government and the poverty of the people.

in 1122, the 4th year of Northern song Emperor Xuanhe, the final war broke out between Liao and Jin Regimes. the Jin regime, which rose vigorously, captured the Jyong Pass, which was the first time that the Pass was taken over by offending enemy in history. the Jin troops soon pushed forward to the south and occupied the capital of the Liao Dynasty. the liao regime was conquered. in 1211, the 3rd year of Jin Emperor Da'an, the great genghis khan of the Mongolians defeated 400,000 Jin troops. the khan pursued the Jin army in retreat and captured juyong Pass.

In 1367, Ming troops crushed the defense of the Yuan army and occupied Juyong Pass, which led to the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty.

In 1644, an army of peasants rose up in revolt under the leadership of Li Zicheng. they broke into the Juyong Pass firstly and then overthrew the corrupted Ming Dynasty.

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