Huabiao

The Huabiao is a marble ornamental pillar engraved with entwisting dragons and auspicious clouds, used to decorate important buildings in old China. The origin of the Huabiao can be traced back to Yao and Shun who were the legendary kings of the land about 4,000 years ago. It is said that wooden columns were originally used as landmarks or road signs for travelers. They were also applied to solicit public opinions so the people could write their criticism and comments on them.

There is a different story about the origin of the Huabiao. It was linked to a pole-like instrument called Biao, used in building. It is believed that during the Spring and Autumn Period (770BC - 476BC), the Biao was erected to determine directions and positions under construction. As building became larger and more complex, the stone Biaos were often used. And eventually they evolved as part of the structure. Yet the role of the Huabiao has changed over the long history. It is now mainly an architectural ornament.

The most famous Huabiaos are located at Tiananmen. There are two in front of the gate of Tiananmen and two behind the gate. On top of the Huabiaos, there sits a legendary animal called Hou. It is believed that the positioning of the Hous' heads was a reminder to the emperor of the hopes of the people. The two in front facing south or looking away from the palace, are named Wangjungui or longing for the emperor's return. Their duty was to call back the emperor to run state affairs when he was absent from the palace for too long. The two inside the gate looking at the palace (north) are called Wangjunchu or looking for the emperor out. The wishes were to expect the emperor to go out often and to understand the life of the people better.

Qianmen Gate

The History of Tiananmen Square

The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall

The National Museum of China

The Monument to the People's Heroes

The Great Hall of the People